Applications of Viruses in Science and Nanotechnology

Abstract

Current trends in nanotechnology guarantee to make significantly more flexible utilization of viruses. From the perspective of a materials researcher, infections can be viewed as organic nanoparticles.

Keywords: Nanotechnology; Virus; DNA genome; Virotherapy

Commentary

Current trends in nanotechnology guarantee to make significantly more flexible utilization of viruses. From the perspective of a materials researcher, infections can be viewed as organic nanoparticles. Their surface conveys explicit tools that empower them to cross the hindrances of their host cells [1]. The size and state of infections and the number and nature of the functional groups on their surface are decisively characterized. All things considered, infections are generally utilized in materials science as frameworks for covalently connected surface changes. A specific nature of infections is that they can be custom-made by coordinated development [2]. The amazing methods created by life sciences are turning into the premise of designing methodologies towards nanomaterial, opening a wide scope of uses a long ways past biology and medicine.

On account of their size, shape, and distinct chemical structures, viruses have been utilized as templates for getting sorted out materials on the nanoscale.

Manufactured infections

Many viruses can be incorporated once more ("without any preparation") and the main synthetic virus was made in 2002. Although fairly a misguided judgment, it's anything but the actual virus that is integrated, yet rather its DNA genome (if there should arise an occurrence of a DNA virus), or a cDNA duplicate of its genome (in case of RNA viruses). For some virus families the naked synthetic DNA or RNA (once enzymatically changed over back from the engineered cDNA) is infectious when brought into a cell. That is, they contain all the vital data to produce new viruses [3]. This innovation is currently being utilized to examine novel vaccine strategies. The capacity to synthesize viruses has sweeping outcomes, since viruses can presently don't be viewed as wiped out; as long as the information of their genome sequence is known and permissive cells are available.

Viruses are essential to the investigation of molecular and cell biology as they give basic frameworks that can be utilized to control and functions of the cells. The examination and utilization of viruses have given important data about parts of cell biology [4]. For instance, viruses have been valuable in the investigation of genetics and aided our comprehension of the fundamental components molecular genetics, such as DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, translation, protein transport, and immunology.

Geneticists frequently use viruses as vectors to introduce genes into cells that they are studying. This is valuable for making the cell produce a foreign substance, or to contemplate the impact of introducing a new gene into the genome. Essentially, virotherapy utilizes viruses as vectors to treat different sicknesses, as they can explicitly target cells and DNA [5]. It shows promising use in the therapy of malignancy and gene therapy. Eastern European researchers have utilized phage treatment as an option in contrast to antibiotics for quite a while, and interest in this methodology is expanding, due to the significant degree of antibiotic resistance presently found in some pathogenic bacteria. The declaration of heterologous proteins by viruses is the premise of few manufacturing processes that are right now being utilized for the production of different proteins like vaccine antigens and antibodies. . Industrial processes have been recently developed utilizing viral vectors and several pharmaceutical proteins are now in pre-clinical and clinical trials.

References

1. Singh P, et al. Viruses and their uses in nanotechnology. Drug Dev Res. 2006;67:23-41
2. Saini V, et al. Combination of viral biology and nanotechnology: new applications in nanomedicine. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med. 2006;2:200-206
3. Kubik T, et al. Nanotechnology on duty in medical applications. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2005;6:17-33
4. Ghosh S, et al. Viruses and nanotechnology. Nanobiotechnol. 2021;133-143.
5. Hamley IW. Nanotechnology with soft materials. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2003;42:1692-712