Journal of Global Research in Computer Sciences
MenuISSN: 2229-371X
ISSN: 2229-371X
D.Kesavaraja*1, D.Sasireka 2, D.Jeyabharathi3
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| Corresponding Author: D.Kesavaraja, E-mail: dkesavaraja@gmail..com |
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Cloud computing provides amble opportunity in many areas. In our Cloud Data Server provides fast and reliable software service to its clients.In that service authentication for identifying authorized user as a major issue. So we proposed a novel security mechanism named as iris cloud verification. The Cloud Iris Verification System(CIVS) enables authorized user to access software as a service from cloud server. It is suggested in recent biometric literature that human irises might be as distinct as fingerprints for different individuals, leading to the idea that iris patterns may contain unique identification features. An CIVS compares a newly acquired iris pattern with a retrieved iris pattern from a data base to decide if they originated from the same eye. Iris patterns are collected from images of the eye. Our system proposes novel and efficient cloud iris recognition method that employs cumulative SUM based grey change analysis. Iris recognition includes security to cloud server from unauthorized access. We demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of our method on a thousands of eye images for defense forces. The efficiency ratio of this computation process is 93.17.
Keywords |
| Cloud Data Server,Cloud Iris Verification System,Iris,Security,Software As a Service |
INTRODUCTION |
| With the fabulous growth of Cloud-based software as a services and sensitive information on Cloud, Cloud security is getting more important than ever. Cloud Based Applications has need in on a daily basis life. People use the Cloud to work, to exchange information, to make purchases, etc. This growth of the Cloud use has regrettably been accompanied by a growth of malicious activity in the Cloud. More and more vulnerabilities are discovered, and nearly every day, new security advisories are published [1][2]. Potential attackers are very numerous, even if they represent only a very small proportion among the hundreds of millions of Cloud users and clients. |
| In modern world cloud security is in critical need of finding accurate, secure and cost-effective alternatives to passwords and Cloud verification numbers (PIN) as financial losses increase dramatically year over year from computer-based fraud such as computer hacking and identity theft. Cloud Iris Verification system(CIVS) deal with these elementary problems because, an individual's biometric data is unique and cannot be transferred. Biometrics is an automated method of identifying a person or verifying the identity of a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic[3]. Examples of physiological characteristics include hand, finger images, facial characteristics, and iris recognition. Behavioral characteristics are traits which can be learned or acquired. Dynamic signature verification, speaker verification, and keystroke dynamics are examples of behavioral characteristics. CIVS uses hardware to capture the biometric information, and software to maintain and manage the system. In general, the system translates these measurements into a mathematical, computer-readable format. When a user first creates a biometric profile, known as a pattern, that pattern is stored in a database. The CIVS then compares this pattern to the new image created every time a user accesses the service. For an enterprise server, CIVS provides value in two ways. First, a Cloud server automates entry into secure locations, relieving or at least reducing the need for full-time monitoring by personnel. Second, when rolled into an authentication scheme, Cloud server adds a strong layer of verification for user names and passwords. CIVS adds a unique identifier to cloud authentication, which is tremendously difficult to duplicate. Smart cards and tokens also provide a unique identifier, but CIVS has an advantage over these devices: a user cannot lose or forget his or her fingerprint, retina, or voice. The practical applications for providing security to cloud service Using iris recognition in cloud software, a client simply walks up to their system and looks in a sensor camera to access their service. The camera instantly photographs the iris of the clients [4]. If the client’s iris pattern matches the record stored in the database access is granted. At the cloud software, a positive authentication can be read through glasses, contact lenses and most sunglasses. Iris recognition proves highly accurate, easy to use and virtually fraud proof means to verify the identity of the clients. |
CLOUD CLIENT ATTACKS |
| Cloud client attacks intrudes cloud server and perform improper access in cloud service,The following figure describes the cloud client attacks in the cloud environment, |
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| Fig-2 gives the detailed structure of the Cloud Client Attacks. A dependable system is defined as one that is able to deliver a service that can justifiably be trusted. Attributes of dependability include availability, reliability, confidentiality, and integrity. Security is the concurrent existence of Availability- Readiness for correct service ,Confidentiality - Prevention of unauthorized disclosure of information ,Reliability - Continuity of correct service ,Integrity -The absence of improper system state alterations. |
HTTP WEB SERVER |
| Distributed Data backups are managed by Web Server and provide a reliable service to the user. Redundancy is used to increase system availability. |
| Most attacks take advantage of specific vulnerabilities in a particular OS, controller , or hardware platform, they are, in general, ineffective on others. So, the deployment of a redundant data management Web servers (hardware/OS/Virtual Controller) should allow the system to continue providing acceptable service to users, even if parts of the system are corrupted. The Web servers provide the same services but run different platforms. |
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| Fig-2 gives the detailed structure of CIVS and how the virtual controller is connected with the CIVS . |
ROBUST WEB SEVER |
| Adaptive Tolerant Web Server provides service taking care of security and persistent availability required for a web service. When the CIVS gets a HTTP request, instead of immediately providing the HTTP response it holds the request and connects to the virtual controller. When the virtual controller is connected, the CIVS is cut off from the cloud. After the Agreement protocol is satisfied the virtual controller is cut off and the HTTP response is sent to the user from the CIVS. Thus the controller were the hash code resides is segregated from the cloud during the agreement protocol process ensuring inability to hack the system. |
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SYSTEM MODEL |
| In our CIVS system having five set of stages described in fig 4. The stages are |
| 1. Segmentation |
| 2. Normalization |
| 3. Enhancement |
| 4. Feature Extraction |
| 5. Storing/Verification |
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| The eye image is shown in Fig. 5(a) and the iris diameter is above 170 pixels to provide good quality for iris recognition. |
| A. Segmentation |
| Iris region is isolated from eye image with the estimate that the shape of iris is circle. First we detect the edges in the iris pattern using Canny edge detection method. The canny edge detector provide the binary image of the given pattern. Using thresholding method we cover inner pupil and outer portion of image then we can get area of pupil , iris .From that we find radious of pupil and iris. From the radious the Circular hough transform gives the center points of iris and pupil. Using center points and radius of iris and pupil we can get segmented iris . |
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| The segmented Iris pattern is given to the process of normalization and enhancement. |
| B. Normalization |
| Eye image captured from different person & different environment may be in different size. So, normalization of irises of different size to same size is need for achieving more accurate recognition. The result of iris normalization is shown in Fig. 5(b) and the size of normalized image is 64X300. Eyelash and eyelid rarely occlude iris region. That's why only iris image data in right side [45°- 3150] and left side [1350 - 2250] are transformed into rectangular coordinate system like Fig. 6(a). |
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| C. Enhancement |
| It is necessary to improve the dissimilarity of normalized iris image for iris feature extraction since it has low contrast Fig. 6(b). Histogram stretching method is used obtain welldistributed iris image and the result is shown Fig. 6(c). |
| D. Iris feature extraction |
| It is important to analyze the changes of grey values patterns and extract features from iris image. Previous work is used Gabor transform and wavelet transform and In this paper, Cumulative sum based analysis method used to extract features from iris images. Cumulative sums calculated simply and do not need much processing burden. |
| 1) Overall feature extraction processing is as following: |
| Stepl. Divide normalized iris image into basic cell regions for calculating cumulative sums. (One cell region is a m x n pixels size, and an average grey value is used as a representative value of a basic cell region to calculate the cumulative sum) |
| Step2. Basic cell regions are grouped in a horizontal direction and in a vertical direction as shown Fig. 3. (Five basic regions are grouped into group) |
| Step3. Calculate cumulative sums over the each group like equation (2). |
| Step4. Generate iris feature codes. |
| The cumulative sums are calculated as follows: Suppose that X1, X2, . .., X5 mean five representative values of each regions within a group. |
| X’ = (X1+X2+...+X5)/5 .(1) |
| * First calculate the average 5 |
| * Calculate cumulative sum from 0: S0 = 0 |
| * Calculate the other cumulative sums by adding the difference between current value and the average to the previous sum, |
| i.e., Si = Si±l + (Xi -X) for i = 1,2,..., 5. (2) |
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| After calculation cumulative sums, iris codes are generated for each cells using following algorithm after obtaining MAX and MIN values among cumulative sums. |
| if Si located between MAX and MIN index |
| if Si on upward slope |
| set cell's iris_code to "1" |
| if Si on downward slope |
| set cell's iris_code to "2" |
| else |
| set cell's iris-code to "0" |
| This algorithm generates iris codes by analyzing the changes of grey values of iris patterns. Upward slope of cumulative sums means that iris pattern may change from darkness to brightness. Downward slop of cumulative sums means the opposite change of upward slope. |
| E. Verification |
| In order to calculate the similarity of two iris codes, hamming distance method is used as equation (3) and the lower hamming distance means the higher similarity. |
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| here Ah(i) and A,(i) mean enrolled iris codes over the horizontal and vertical direction. And Bh(i) and B,(i) mean new input iris codes over the horizontal and vertical direction. And N is total number of cell . |
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PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS |
| r-Rank Correlation |
| d-differences in Rank |
| N-Number of Servers |
| Using the formula (4) Rank correlation is calculated. The Value of r=1. |
| Eye images for the experiment were acquired through a W CCD camera with two LED lamps around the lens. size of image is 320 x 240 with 8bit grey value. Experimental data are composed of 820 images acquired from 82 individuals and 10 eye images per person (left eye right eye). The performance evaluation of proposed method was measured by the two error rates such as FRR and FAR. The false acceptance rate (FAR) was computed as equation (5) the false rejection rate was computed as equation (6). |
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| Figure 13. shows hamming distance distribution for the same persons. Hamming distance values are located between 0 and 30. Figure 14. shows hamming distance distribution for the different persons. Hamming distance values for the imposters are distributed from 25 to 52. xset and y-axis indicate the number of data and hamming distance respectively. Figure 15 shows the FAR/FRR curves according to the hamming distance. False rejection rate is decreased when the hamming distance value is increased false acceptance rate is decreased when the hamming distance value is decreased respectively. So, two error curves have intersection point. By selecting the cross point two error curves as a threshold, two error rates minimized at the same time can be found. By experimental results, the recognition performance of proposed method is 99.0% to 99.2% when the threshold is 26. The experimental results show that the proposed method is a promising and effective approach in iris recognition. |
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| Persistent service Availability |
| Persistent service Availability lies between 0 to 1. The relation between Cloud servers is measured it using Rank Correlation. |
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| Table 1 shows the Persistent service Availability of various servers. |
APPLICATIONS |
| It can be applied in areas were continual reliable service is required. Example Cash Transaction, Online Shopping and EGovernance, Web pages are “location aware” and Can only be executed in /data or /system, Any changes on file permissions succeed there. A recent Survey during November 2009 predicts that around 698 websites have vanished due to improper security features. Using CIVS the security provided increases in large fold. |
| Another recent event “Chinese hacked PMO computers, says Narayanan” on Tuesday, Jan 19, 2010. Using VWS the security provided to that server is increases in large fold. |
CONCLUSION |
| CIVS server was tested against webs servers with password security in order to rate it. From the analysis result it has been found that CIVS Server stands unique in providing secure service to the user compared to the other web servers. A new mechanism named Iris data security has been introduced to provide increased security. The virtual controller increases the reliability for using disconnected method. The Activity Analyser helps the administrator time to time in knowing about the intrusion caused and its counter measures. |
| In this paper, we implement the Cloud Verification Server. This method in use iris feature extraction that uses cumulative sum based change analysis. In order to extract iris features, normalized iris image is divided into basic cells. And iris codes of these cells are generated by proposed code generation algorithm, which uses cumulative sums of each cell. Proposed CIVS method is relatively simple and secure against existing methods. And the experimental result show that the proposed approach has a good credit performance Our proposed scheme provides highly reliable and secure service to its clients, It is efficient to a mark of 93.17% comparing others. |
References |
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