Research & Reviews: Journal of Food and Dairy Technology
MenuISSN: 2321-6204
ISSN: 2321-6204
+1-845-458-6882 1Department of Food Technology, JNTU Anantapur, India
2Department of Chemistry, JNTU-A College of engineering, Ananatapur, India
Received Date: 14/04/2017; Accepted Date: 20/04/2017; Published Date: 26/04/2017
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An experiment was under taken with an attempt to exploit the commercial use of Kodo and little millet, and to improve the nutritive value of the products developed from the grains by incorporating fruits such as Mango & Sapota. Kudos millet and little millet grains was malted by soaking in potable water for 18 hours, germination for 30 hours followed by drying at 50°C till moisture was reduced to 5% and then milled in two different ways, First sample was prepared by using combination of 50:50 Kodo and Little millet flour and other ingredients such as 100 grams of milk powder, dried Sapota powder (50 gms), Jaggery (50 gms). And for sample-2 Kodo millet and little millet flour (50:50) and other ingredients such as milk powder (100 gms), Dried sapota powder ( 50 gms) and sugar (50 gms) are added. In the same way another two samples are prepared by using dried mango powder. All prepared samples are evaluated by sensory panel. Results revealed that among all the formulations tried, the Sapota fruit flavoured malt with jaggery got higher sensory scores. The physico-chemical characteristics of the most acceptable malt powder were analyzed. When compared with normal ragi malt powder the sample contains significantly higher amounts of protein, fiber and minerals and vitamins (i.e., Calcium, Iron and Phosphorous) the most acceptable malt powder is then packed in HDPE and subjected for storage study for a period of 3 months at cool and dry place. Sensory scores shows decreasing trend in overall acceptability of the products with increase in storage.
Kodo millet, Little millet, Malted, Fruits, Mango, Sapota, Storage study
In recent years, millets are recognized as important substitutes for major cereal crops to cope up with world food shortage and to meet the demands of increasing population of both developed and developing countries [1]. Millets are the group of highly variable small seeded grasses widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human food [2,3]. Millets are important crops in semiarid tropics of Asia and Africa ( especially in India, Mali, Nigeria and Niger)with 97% of millet production in developing countries the crop favored due to its productivity and short growing season under dry, high-temperature condition. The kodo millet contains high amounts of polyphenols an antioxidant compound, they also have high on fibre and low on fat. Kudos millet inhibited glycation and cross linking of collagen, Kudo millets are good for diabetics [4-6]. Little millet seeds are smaller than other millets like Foxtail millet. Little millet high in iron content high in fibre like kodo millet and high antioxidant activity. It helps diabetes and problems related to stomach. Malting of grains causes a significant reduction in the anti-nutritional components thus improving the availability of nutrients of malt. Malting has also been reported to help increase the in vitro digestibility, improves the sensory quality and extends the shelf life of the product [7-9]. Fruits also play a significant role in human nutrition. Daily consumption of fruit is recommended for significantly reducing the risk of chronic diseases and to meet the micronutrient requirement to fulfill the nutrient demand of the body for optimum health, fruits can be supplemented in various food products which can increase the palatability and nutritive contents of foods. The consumers demand foods that are not only nutritious but also catering to their taste [10-12]. Therefore there are high potentials for development of various value added food products having specific health and disease preventive properties. An attempts should be made for development of value added products with a combination of foods by which several nutrients could be supplied to the body through a single food item. Hence the present study was conducted to develop fruit incorporated malt mix powder by standardizing and optimizing the fruit sapota and mango to be separately incorporated in to the malt mix. The most acceptable combination was subjected to storage studies and physico chemical analysis [13-16].
Kodo millet and little millet are procured from TIMBUCTU organization (Penukonda, Anantapur district) Mango, Sapota and other ingredients required for the development of malt powder were procured from local market. The kodo millet are stored at room temperature. Mango and sapota were taken separately and whole pulp was extracted from the fruit and the pulp is kept in cabinet dryer at 600°C till completely dry [17-20]. The dried fruit material was ground into powder by using grinder. The malt powder was prepared in two ways First sample was prepared by using combination of 50 : 50 Kodo and Little millet flour and other ingredients such as 100 grams of milk powder, dried sapota powder (50 gms), Jaggery (50 gms). And for sample-2 Kudos millet and little millet flour (50 : 50) and other ingredients, milk powder (100 gms), Dried sapota powder (50 gms) and sugar (50 gms) are added. In the same way another two samples were prepared by using dried mango powder.
Testing Acceptability of the Product
Malted finger millet powder is taken as control. The experimental products along with control were evaluated, by a selected panel of 8 judges, for their sensory characteristics by using composite scoring method [21,22]. A score card was prepared separately for each type of malt mix and numerical scores were assigned for each attribute. The attributes considered during the study were flavour, taste, mouth feel, colour, appearance and overall acceptability. Judges were to evaluate based on scores assigned. The best combination (malt with sapota and jaggery) was identified. This sample was taken for further nutritional analysis and storage study [23].
Nutrient and Physico-Chemical Analysis
The control (FMMF) and the most acceptable (SIMMF) samples were analyzed for moisture, crude fibre and fat by using the method of AOAC,1990. The protein content was estimated using Lowry’s colorimetric method and calculated as g% of protein. Carbohydrates are also determined by using the method of DGHS manual [24].
Storage Studies
Packaging of the best combination of powder was done in HDPE and laminated pouches and the samples were stored at ambient temperatures. The acceptability of the stored sample was evaluated by the same panel of judges selected earlier. A five point hedonic scale was used to rank each of the attribute of the products. Sensory evaluation was carried out periodically after 15, 30, 45 and 60 days during the 2 months storage period, by the same panel of judges.
Acceptability of the Product
The sensory evaluation of the newly developed products revealed that the combination of 50% sapota powder incorporated malt powder obtained least standard deviation (SD) among the mango incorporated mixes. This powder was selected for quality evaluation and storage studies [25].
Nutrient and Physico Chemical Analysis
The result for the nutrient and physico-chemical analysis of malted finger millet flour (control). Most acceptable sapota incorporated kodo and little millet flour (SIMMF), is presented in Table 1 and Figure 1.
Table 1. Nutrient and physicochemical composition of malt mixes.
| Parameters | FMMF | SIMMF |
|---|---|---|
| CHO | 73.2 | 65.6 |
| Moisture | 11.35 | 10.2 |
| Protein | 7.83 | 8.21 |
| Fat | 1.15 | 2.7 |
| Crude fibre | 3.91 | 8.6 |
| Ash | 1.88 | 3.8 |
Figure 1: Nutrient and physicochemical composition of malt mixes.
Values are means of two observations; MFMF malted finger millet flour, SIMMF most acceptable sapota incorporated malted millet flour. The carbohydrate content is low in sapota incorporated malt when compared to control. This may be attribute to the higher protein content in the most acceptable sample than that of control.
Moisture content was decreased in the sample than that of control due to decrease of fruit moisture up to 5%. A significant increase in the protein content was observed on malting of kodo and little millet and decrease in carbohydrates trough oxidation during germination and loss of low molecular weight nitrogen and rising of grains [26].
The fat content was increased in sample due to incorporation of sapota. The higher content of fat in sapota could have resulted in higher value of fat obtained in the sapota incorporated sample. There was a significant increase in crude fibre in sample than that of control it may be due to the kodo millet is an excellent source of fibre. The ash content of the sample was increased compared to the control due to the addition of more ingredients like fruit powder, milk powder, and jaggery etc.
Storage Studies
Table 2 indicates the results for mean scores for different attributes on sensor test and Table 2 and Figure 2 shows the analysis of variance for overall acceptability of the stored products. The results for storage studies revealed that both the control and sample were acceptable up to 30 days [27]. Both the samples were acceptable up to 60 days with mild changes. Storage studies also revealed that both the control and sample packed in HDPE are more acceptable than that of packed in laminated pouches.
Table 2. Sensory scores malt mixes on storage.
| Days | Flavour | Taste | Mouth feel | Colour | Appearance | Overall acceptability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Sample in HDPE pouch | ||||||
| 15 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.64 |
| 30 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 4.36 |
| 45 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| 60 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.8 |
| B. Sample in laminated pouch | ||||||
| 15 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.60 |
| 30 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.16 |
| 45 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.96 |
| 60 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 3.48 |
HDPE: High density polyethylene
The present study concludes that fruit incorporated millet (kodo and little) malt mix prepared with incorporation of 50% sapota powder was found to be best combination with respect to sensory evaluation. With increasing health consciousness among people and increasing demand of foods which reduce the risk of diseases, there is tremendous scope and market opportunity for development of such value added products which could find commercial value. The malt mix can be recommended as health foods for all age groups because consumption of nutrient dense foods such as those developed will not only help the nutritional status but also provide further health benefits.