Review Article Open Access

A Comprehensive Review of the High Iron Concentrations Reported In Groundwater in the Niger Delta Sedimentary Basin

Abstract

This article is aimed at reviewing the occurrence of high concentrations of iron (Fe) in groundwater within the Niger Delta Sedimentary Basin (NDSB) and suggests remediation techniques with over 90% efficiency. Secondary information (article, textbook, and monograph), citing relevant articles from Google search engine that are related to this article with the basin was retrieved. Articles published within the last ten years on iron concentration in groundwater were used for this investigation. Keywords that were specifically considered in the searches that make up the secondary information were heavy metal content in groundwater; Niger Delta Sedimentary Basin; water quality; remediation techniques for iron-contaminated water, the biological implication of iron-contaminated water, etc. Findings from this study revealed that anthropogenic sources such as crude oil spillage, landfill and effluent discharges and geogenic factors of saline water intrusion into the aquifers are the major factors responsible for the high iron content in the groundwater across the study area. Deductions from the study suggested that oxidation-precipitation-filtration techniques, Point-of-Use Filters techniques, Membrane Filtration (Reverse Osmosis/Nano filtration), Flocculation-Coagulation and Distillation are some of the modern remediation techniques with over 90% efficiency that could be employed for domestic and industrial purpose. Therefore, to maintain sustainability and quality health within the region, it is penitent to prioritize the reduction of human impacts on groundwater, boost community awareness, and employe modern remediation techniques to mitigate contaminated water.

Odesa Gabriel Erhiga1*, Onosakponome Iruoghene2, Eyankware Moses Oghenenyoreme1, Efetobo Oghenetega1

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