Review Article Open Access

A Systematic Review of Avian Influenza Virus Transmission, Epidemiology and Pathogenesis

Abstract

Avian influenza virus belongs to family Orthomyxoviridae, genus Influenza virus A is a public health risk with pandemic potential of spread. Mortality caused by H5 and H7 group of Influenza virus, designated as high pathogenic is upto 100%. Other groups cause mild respiratory infection and are designated as Low pathogenic. The aim of the present review was to investigate avian influenza virus, transmission, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of disease caused by this virus. Prevention, control and eradication strategies are also reviewed. The data were collected from previously reported article. Genetic changes can arise to turn low pathogenic viruses to high pathogenic viruses. The exact mechanism involved in this process is not well known. But, it is assumed that more the virus circulates in poultry, more it becomes prone to genetic mutations. Avian influenza virus A H5N1 is a threat to public health as it causes severe illness and death in human.

Jahanara Umar*

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