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Antibiotic Resistance, Microbial and Morphological Changes of Marketed Bovine Liver at Different Time Interval from Chittagong, Bangladesh: A Public Health Concern

Abstract

The liver of cattle is commonly eaten as a delicious food item in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the microbiological and morphological (gross and microscopic) change in liver samples in relation to time elapse in retail meat shops in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Liver samples (N=25) from three beef market (Chittagong Sadar, Jawtola and Pahartali) were collected randomly. For each sample, liver was collected in 6 hours interval [(morning, n=25), (noon, n=25 and afternoon, n=25)] and analyzed by bacteriological and anatomical technique, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing (disc diffusion method) during the period from December 2015 to April 2016. The mean total viable count (TVC/g) of morning samples were 27.804 ± 4.34 × 106(CI: 18.84-36.76), in noon 170.032 ± 18.45 × 106(CI: 131.96-208.11) and in afternoon sample 70.4796 ± 13.21 × 106(CI: 43.21-97.75). Gross changes in color of liver; morning sample highest prevalence’s was reddish brown (52%), in noon dark red (56%); and in afternoon highly dark red (80%); (P=0.001). This color changes indicates the reduction of shelf life of bovine liver as well as deterioration of consumption quality. Histologically; distortion of central vein in morning, noon, and afternoon samples were 12.5%, 25% and 62.25%, respectively. Changes of hepatic lobule and portal triad were indistinct at afternoon (75%) in comparison to morning (0%); (P=0.001). Moreover, complete degeneration of cellular arrangement in liver was observed at afternoon. Pooled bacteria cultured from direct liver smear were found 100% resistant to Tetracycline, Nalidixic acid, and Oxacillin, followed by Erythromycin (53.33%), Ciprofloxacin (40%), Doxycyclin (26.66%) and Ampicillin (6.67%). The results of this investigation revealed that liver from retail meat shops of Chittagong had noticeable extent of multidrug resistance high microbial contamination with considerable degree of morphological changes in advanced of time, that could be threaten to public health.

Rana EA, Ahaduzzaman MD, Saiful Bari MD

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