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Environmental Impact of Household Garbage on Population And Groundwater: Case of the City of Ndjamena-Chad

Abstract

The objective of this work is to develop an Emergency Plan for the management of household waste, the implementation of which will contribute to the improvement of public health while respecting environmental, technical and socio-cultural concerns. The city of Ndjamena is confronted with important problems of the evacuation of the rainwater, because of an extremely flat relief, a network insufficient, deteriorated, badly maintained and gutters frequently obstructed, because of the excess of wind sands and voluntary waste disposal by the inhabitants. There is no sewerage system. The concessions have rudimentary latrines, consisting of a hole dug in the ground of the court. The discharge of excreta is often done directly on public roads. The City of Ndjamena produces about 600 tons of waste a day, of which only a small part (15 to 20%) is collected and then transported in the urban periphery to landfills. In May and June 2013, the manual drilling water, raw water from the Chadian Water Company (STE) of the city of N'Djamena was analyzed. The investigation revealed that 40% of the 52 boreholes equipped with hand pumps, classified by the JMP as improved sources, are contaminated by fecal bacteria (E. coli and/or enterococci). Furthermore, 23% of the raw water sampled from STE, which distributes water to the households, contained fecal bacteria. This situation is disastrous for the health of the inhabitants and the quality of their environment. It causes pollution of soil and groundwater and increases the proliferation of waterborne diseases, such as cholera, typhoid fever, malaria, diarrhoea, especially in children. The dispersion of the plastic bags generates a very detrimental visual pollution for the urban and physical image which is extremely dangerous for the animals. The various methods of waste management raise many questions about the health risks they may have, the measures taken to control them and the associated monitoring and monitoring mechanisms.

Bantin AB

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