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Epidemiological Investigation of Bovine Trypanosomosis and its Vector Apparent Densities in Yayo District Illuababora Zone, Western Oromia, Ethiopia

Abstract

The cross-sectional study was carried out from January to May, 2015 to assess prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and apparent density of its vectors in Yayo district Iluababora zone of western Oromia. In current study 408 cattle were randomly selected for the study of bovine trypanosomosis prevalence in the district. Blood sample were collected from ear vein of cattle drawn into heparinized capillary tube then centrifuged and buffy coat techniques and thin blood smear were used to identify species of trypanosomes. This revealed that overall prevalence 7.4%, 95% CI: 5.1- 10.0% with the highest rate of infection of Trypanosoma congolense (66.7%) than Trypanosoma vivax 8(26.7%) and mixed infection 2(6.7%). Prevalence of trypanosomosis higher in female cattle 8%, 95% CI: 5.0- 11.6%, old cattle 25%, 95% CI: 0.0-62.5% and poor body condition score cattle 9.3%, 95% CI: 3.7-14.8% and they were insignificantly associated with the bovine trypanosomosis prevalence. Bovine trypanosomosis prevalence was higher in aneamic 26(7.54%), poor body condition score (10(9.26%), female 21(8.11%) and old cattle 28(7.49%) and all the risk factors are insignificantly associated with trypanosomosis prevalence. The mean PCV of the infected cattle, male cattle and medium body condition score cattle were 17.767%, 95% CI: 15.96-19.58%, 20.274%, 95% CI: 19.78-20.77%, 20.09%, 95% CI: 19.53-20.65% lower than their perspective, respectively. In study 45 monopyramidal traps used to assess apparent density of tsetse flies and other biting flies in the district were Glossina pallidipes and G.f. fuscipes caught with overall apparent density of 142.41 FTD and other biting flies Tabanus, Stomoxys and Heamatopota. This indicates that how much tsetse flies and trypanosomosis challenge the livelihood of farmers. Therefore, chemoprophylaxis and prophylactics techniques and vector control techniques should be implemented.

Kitila G, Kebede B, Guta D, Bekele F, Wagari M, Tilahun B and Jaleta D

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