Research Article Open Access

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antiproliferatory Activity of Syzygium Cumini Root Extracts for Possible Anticarcinogenic Potentials

Abstract

Syzygium cumini (Eugenia jambolana) commonly known as Jamun belongs to the Family Myrtaceae, which is native to India is the folk medicine used in Indian Systems of Medicine from ancient India. The seeds were used in the treatment of Diabetes in the form of Kashaya in Indian Systems of Medicine as well as roots of Syzygium cumini were used as folk remedy for Epilepsy. It has been proved that Fruits, Pulp, Stem-bark, Leaves and seeds possess anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, Hepato-protective, anti-neoplastic and anti-oxidant activity. This study was performed to evaluate the antioxidant property and anti-proliferatory activity of Syzygium cumini root which has been rarely used in the study. Roots of Syzygium cumini were collected, washed, shade dried and coarsely powdered. The pharmacognostic assessment was performed systematically and proximate studies reported as total ash 5.5%w/w, Water and Alcohol soluble extractive values 7.42% and 12.3% respectively. The powdered roots were subjected to Continuous hot maceration method using Petroleum ether, Ethyl acetate and Methanol for the extraction of phytoconstituents. These extracts showed the presence of phytosterols, phenolic compounds such as tannins and flavonoids when investigated for phytochemical screening. As methanolic extract showed the presence of phenolic compounds it was further investigated and Total Phenolic Content present in the methanolic extract was expressed as 54.223mg GAE/gm. of extract. DPPH radical scavenging activity was employed in the determination of anti-oxidant activity of Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts .The Standard (L-Ascorbic acid), Ethyl acetate and Methanol extracts were taken in different concentrations ranging from 100µg/ml - 300µg/ml to investigate the percentage of inhibition. The IC50 value of standard, Methanolic extract and ethyl acetate extract was found to be 0.0052µg/ml, 0.00608µg/ml and 3.0801µg/ml. Methanolic extract showed the potent anti-oxidant activity when compared to ethyl acetate extract. MTT assay on A431 Cell Line Culture was considered for the determination of anti-proliferatory property of Syzygium cumini root extracts. Doxorubicin was used as standard. Methanol and Ethyl acetate extracts were evaluated at various concentrations ranging from 10µg/ml -320µg/ml. The IC50 Value for Standard Doxorubicin, Ethyl acetate and Methanol extract was reported as 18.47µg/ml, 127.20µg/ml and 143.30µg/ml. Both Ethyl acetate and Methanol extracts have showed the potent anti-proliferatory activity.

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