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Flood Hazard Vulnerability Mapping Using Remote Sensing and GIS: A Case Study of Surat

Abstract

Surat is most developing city in Gujarat. In Surat many industries related to textiles, diamonds, petrochemicals and other chemical industry are situated. Tapi is one of the biggest rivers in Gujarat passing middle of the Surat city due to this Surat is one of the most vulnerable cities affected by repeated flooding. On river Tapi Ukai dam is constructed in 1974 Dam is situated at 93 km upstream of Surat City. The Surat city is located on the meeting of River Tapti and Arabian Sea. The recent floods of 1994, 1998 and 2006 resulted in the huge loss of property and damages caused by flood after flood of 1994 due to so called plague so many people died and wide media coverage resulted in the world wide alarming. Due to climate change the events of short duration high intensity rainfall has increased in the Tapti River basin. In the year 1998 the dam was approximately ninety percentages full. Due to short duration high intensity rainfall resulted in the high inflow to the dam forced dam authority to release water from the dam. The carrying capacity of river was approximately 3 lacs cusec and the release water was more than two times its release capacity resulted in flooding of Surat city. The some parts of the city due to lower elevation were under water. The depth of water varies from 0.3 meters to 3.0 meters in the certain parts of area. In 2006 the situation of 1998 was repeated and this time the situation was worse than 1998 flood. The ninety percentage areas of city were under water. Apart from this the earthen bunds and retaining walls on the either side of the river bank has been constructed to pass flood safely. In this paper various areas vulnerable for flooding in Surat city is discussed using help of remote sensing and GIS. Also discuss major steps to taken for prevention of flood and its after effects.

Dhruvesh KM, Praful MU and Aditya MV

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