Review Article Open Access

Nanobodies Production from Bacterial Sources

Abstract

Nanobodies provide the incredible specificity of antibodies within a single immunoglobulin VHH domain. This unique feature enables applications ranging from biochemical tools to therapeutic agents. In the case of nanobody production, the tendency is toward more straightforward but dependable (bacterial) technologies that can replace more time-consuming eukaryotic based processes. Nanobody library can be synthesized in different ways, such as immunizing the camels or llamas or constructing synthetically. Other plasmid systems are used for carrying the nanobody-specific gene. Bacterial and cell surface displays are emerging technologies for isolating interested proteins from libraries. Here immune, naïve and synthetic libraries are displayed on different bacterial sources. A steady increase in product titers and the corresponding change in impurity composition are challenges for developing and optimising nanobody production processes. Additionally, increasing demands on product quality result in higher complexity of processes and analytics, thereby increasing the costs for product work-up. The concentration and composition of impurities are critical for efficient process development. These impurities can show significant variations, so we have to control this impurity by control of upstream processing.

Sandip Uttam Bhavar

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