Special Issue Article Open Access

The Energy Conservation via Geographic Forwarding in K-Covered WSNs

Abstract

Wireless sensor Networks (WSNs) has made an important look in emerging technologies based on its usage in specific application. Effectiveness of WSNs is its coverage and connectivity. Proper coverage and connectivity maintenance enhances low availability of nodes for tracking, data collection, aggregation, information transfer in dense multi-hop networks. To perform these, energy has to be conserved in great amount. To support coverage and connectivity we analyze with k > 3 (k=active sensors) using a deterministic approach so the network self-configures to meet diverse requirements with the environment and different applications. The main challenge in the design of WSNs is the limited battery power of the sensors. This paper deals with our framework, called Cover-Sense-Inform (CSI), includes randomized centralized and distributed protocols for connected k-coverage along with geographic forwarding protocols in duty-cycled, k-covered WSNs. Simulation results show that our protocols select a minimum number of sensor nodes, thus improving energy savings. We propose deterministic geographic forwarding protocols for duty-cycling k-covered wireless sensor networks (WSNs) with different levels of data aggregation. Simulation results estimate that CSI yields significant energy savings while guaranteeing high data delivery ratio and also specifies that our solution yields uniform energy consumption of all the sensors, thus extending the lifetime of networks.

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