Research & Reviews: Journal of Engineering and Technology
MenuISSN: 2319-9873
ISSN: 2319-9873
+44 7456 035580 Rawad Hodeify
American University of Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
ScientificTracks Abstracts: RRJET.
The proximal tubule region of the kidney is a primary site for injury in acute and chronic kidney diseases. Calcium ion [Ca2+] is a versatile second messenger that orchestrates a wide range of cellular functions in a spatial and temporal manner. Although several studies reported injury of renal epithelial cells by elevated extracellular calcium, vey less is known about the mechanism(s) that can offer protection to the kidney cells. We tested the effect of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on viability of human proximal (HK-2) cells at high levels of extracellular calcium. We then aimed to create a machine learning based model for classification of injured and protected HK-2 cells. Methodology: HK-2 cells were cultured in conditions with various levels of extracellular Ca2+. Morphological changes were detected using light microscopy. Cell viability was determined using cytotoxicity Assay. Intracellular [Ca2+] was detected using fluorescence microscopy. For easy detection of HK-2 cells injury, we performed light microscopy image classification based on Convolutional Neural Network. Expression of calcium binding proteins (CaBPs) was measured using real- time PCR. Findings: Our studies show that extracellular ATP protects human proximal kidney cells from cytotoxic levels of calcium. Exposure of cells to elevated extracellular [Ca2+] correlated with increasing fluorescence of intracellular calcium indicator, which was attenuated in presence of ATP. Since cytotoxicity features cannot be detected easily by human eyes and hence requires tedious cytotoxicity assays, we developed an artificial intelligence enabled deep learning model for prediction of injury and protection against extracellular [Ca2+] in HK-2 with 98% accuracy. Conclusion and Significance: The results suggest that ATP protects human proximal (HK-2) cells against elevated extracellular calcium levels. We present a CNN model as user friendly tool to study calcium dependent injury in (HK-2) cells. Finally, we show that ATP- mediated protection is correlated with enhanced expression of calcium- binding proteins.
Rawad Hodeify is an Assistant Professor of Medical Biotechnology at American University of Ras Al Khaimah, UAE. He earned his PhD in Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences (Cell and Molecular Biology) from the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA. Dr. Hodeify completed a postgraduate degree in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning from University of Texas at Austin. Dr. Hodeify’s research interests are: (1) regulation of calcium signaling pathways during cellular pathology, particularly in kidney injury and cancer. (2) regulation of trafficking of membrane proteins, specifically, store-operated calcium channel and sodium potassium pump. (3) Applying AI and machine learning models for predicting cellular pathologies and in assisting diagnosis.